Presentation-TIPE/src/rs/decoder.rs

use crate::code::LdpcCode;
use crate::graph::TannerGraph;
use crate::matrix::SparseMatrixGF2;
use crate::{BitVec, Gf2, Llr};

// Résultat
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum DecoderResult {
    Converged(BitVec),
    MaxIterationsReached(BitVec),
    Failure,
}

impl DecoderResult {
    pub fn codeword(&self) -> Option<&BitVec> {
        match self {
            DecoderResult::Converged(c) | DecoderResult::MaxIterationsReached(c) => Some(c),
            DecoderResult::Failure => None,
        }
    }
    pub fn is_success(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, DecoderResult::Converged(_))
    }
}

// Configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct DecoderConfig {
    pub max_iterations: usize,
    pub early_stopping: bool,
}

impl Default for DecoderConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            max_iterations: 50,
            early_stopping: true,
        }
    }
}

// Trait Decoder
pub trait Decoder: Send + Sync {
    fn decode(&self, channel_llr: &[Llr]) -> DecoderResult;

    fn decode_hard(&self, received: &[Gf2]) -> DecoderResult {
        let llr: Vec<Llr> = received
            .iter()
            .map(|&b| if b == 0 { 1.0 } else { -1.0 })
            .collect();
        self.decode(&llr)
    }
}

// Primitives GF(2) et LLR
#[inline]
pub fn hard_decision(llr: Llr) -> Gf2 {
    if llr >= 0.0 {
        0
    } else {
        1
    }
}

pub fn compute_syndrome(h: &SparseMatrixGF2, c: &[Gf2]) -> Vec<Gf2> {
    h.multiply_vec(c)
}

#[inline]
fn phi(x: Llr) -> Llr {
    let ax = x.abs().max(1e-10);
    -((ax / 2.0).tanh().ln())
}

// Mises à jour des noeuds

// Mise à jour Sum-Product du noeud de contrôle
fn check_node_update_sp(incoming: &[Llr], out: &mut [Llr]) {
    let phi_sum: Llr = incoming.iter().map(|&l| phi(l.abs())).sum();
    let sign_prod: Llr = incoming.iter().map(|&l| l.signum()).product();
    for (_j, (&l, r)) in incoming.iter().zip(out.iter_mut()).enumerate() {
        let phi_excl = phi_sum - phi(l.abs());
        let sign_excl = sign_prod * l.signum();
        *r = sign_excl * phi(phi_excl);
    }
}

// Mise à jour Min-Sum avec facteur de normalisation a
// alpha in [0.75, 0.875] compense le biais de Min-Sum brut
fn check_node_update_ms(incoming: &[Llr], out: &mut [Llr], alpha: Llr) {
    let sign_prod: Llr = incoming.iter().map(|&l| l.signum()).product();
    let mut min1 = Llr::INFINITY;
    let mut min2 = Llr::INFINITY;
    let mut min1_idx = 0;
    for (j, &l) in incoming.iter().enumerate() {
        let al = l.abs();
        if al < min1 {
            min2 = min1;
            min1 = al;
            min1_idx = j;
        } else if al < min2 {
            min2 = al;
        }
    }
    for (j, (&l, r)) in incoming.iter().zip(out.iter_mut()).enumerate() {
        let min_excl = if j == min1_idx { min2 } else { min1 };
        let sign_excl = sign_prod * l.signum();
        *r = alpha * sign_excl * min_excl;
    }
}

// Mise à jour du noeud de variable
fn variable_node_update(ch_llr: Llr, incoming_c2v: &[Llr], out: &mut [Llr]) {
    let total: Llr = ch_llr + incoming_c2v.iter().sum::<Llr>();
    for (&r, o) in incoming_c2v.iter().zip(out.iter_mut()) {
        *o = total - r;
    }
}

#[inline]
fn posterior_llr(ch_llr: Llr, c2v_msgs: &[Llr]) -> Llr {
    ch_llr + c2v_msgs.iter().sum::<Llr>()
}

// Messages internes
// Indexés par (check_id, position_dans_liste_voisins) (O(1))
struct Messages {
    v2c: Vec<Vec<Llr>>,
    c2v: Vec<Vec<Llr>>,
}

impl Messages {
    fn new(graph: &TannerGraph) -> Self {
        let v2c = (0..graph.n_chk)
            .map(|c| vec![0.0; graph.chk_degree(c)])
            .collect();
        let c2v = (0..graph.n_chk)
            .map(|c| vec![0.0; graph.chk_degree(c)])
            .collect();
        Self { v2c, c2v }
    }
}

// Table de correspondance, pour chaque (var, check), index dans la liste de voisins
// Précalculé une fois à construction du décodeur
struct EdgeIndex {
    var_pos_in_chk: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
    chk_pos_in_var: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
}

impl EdgeIndex {
    fn build(graph: &TannerGraph) -> Self {
        let var_pos_in_chk = (0..graph.n_chk)
            .map(|c| {
                graph
                    .chk_neighbors(c)
                    .iter()
                    .map(|&v| graph.var_neighbors(v).iter().position(|&x| x == c).unwrap())
                    .collect()
            })
            .collect();
        let chk_pos_in_var = (0..graph.n_var)
            .map(|v| {
                graph
                    .var_neighbors(v)
                    .iter()
                    .map(|&c| graph.chk_neighbors(c).iter().position(|&x| x == v).unwrap())
                    .collect()
            })
            .collect();
        Self {
            var_pos_in_chk,
            chk_pos_in_var,
        }
    }
}

// Bit-Flipping
pub struct BitFlippingDecoder {
    graph: TannerGraph,
    h: SparseMatrixGF2,
    config: DecoderConfig,
}

impl BitFlippingDecoder {
    pub fn new(code: &LdpcCode, config: DecoderConfig) -> Self {
        Self {
            graph: code.graph.clone(),
            h: code.h.clone(),
            config,
        }
    }
}

impl Decoder for BitFlippingDecoder {
    fn decode(&self, channel_llr: &[Llr]) -> DecoderResult {
        let mut bits: Vec<Gf2> = channel_llr.iter().map(|&l| hard_decision(l)).collect();

        for _iter in 0..self.config.max_iterations {
            let syndrome = compute_syndrome(&self.h, &bits);
            if self.config.early_stopping && syndrome.iter().all(|&s| s == 0) {
                return DecoderResult::Converged(bits);
            }
            let mut unsatisfied = vec![0usize; self.graph.n_var];
            for c in 0..self.graph.n_chk {
                if syndrome[c] == 1 {
                    for &v in self.graph.chk_neighbors(c) {
                        unsatisfied[v] += 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            let mut flipped = false;
            for v in 0..self.graph.n_var {
                if unsatisfied[v] > self.graph.var_degree(v) / 2 {
                    bits[v] ^= 1;
                    flipped = true;
                }
            }
            if !flipped {
                break;
            }
        }

        let synd = compute_syndrome(&self.h, &bits);
        if synd.iter().all(|&s| s == 0) {
            DecoderResult::Converged(bits)
        } else {
            DecoderResult::MaxIterationsReached(bits)
        }
    }
}

// BP
fn bp_decode<F>(
    graph: &TannerGraph,
    h: &SparseMatrixGF2,
    config: &DecoderConfig,
    channel_llr: &[Llr],
    edge_idx: &EdgeIndex,
    check_update: F,
) -> DecoderResult
where
    F: Fn(&[Llr], &mut [Llr]),
{
    let mut msgs = Messages::new(graph);

    // Init
    for c in 0..graph.n_chk {
        for (j, &v) in graph.chk_neighbors(c).iter().enumerate() {
            msgs.v2c[c][j] = channel_llr[v];
        }
    }

    for _iter in 0..config.max_iterations {
        // Maj des checknodes
        for c in 0..graph.n_chk {
            let v2c = msgs.v2c[c].clone();
            check_update(&v2c, &mut msgs.c2v[c]);
        }

        // Maj des varnodes
        for v in 0..graph.n_var {
            let neighbors = graph.var_neighbors(v);
            // Rassembler les c2v entrants sur ce varnode
            let incoming: Vec<Llr> = neighbors
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, &c)| {
                    let j = edge_idx.chk_pos_in_var[v][i];
                    msgs.c2v[c][j]
                })
                .collect();
            let mut new_v2c = vec![0.0; neighbors.len()];
            variable_node_update(channel_llr[v], &incoming, &mut new_v2c);
            for (i, &c) in neighbors.iter().enumerate() {
                let j = edge_idx.chk_pos_in_var[v][i];
                msgs.v2c[c][j] = new_v2c[i];
            }
        }

        // Hard décision + arrêt
        if config.early_stopping {
            let bits = make_decision(graph, &msgs, channel_llr, edge_idx);
            if compute_syndrome(h, &bits).iter().all(|&s| s == 0) {
                return DecoderResult::Converged(bits);
            }
        }
    }

    let bits = make_decision(graph, &msgs, channel_llr, edge_idx);
    let synd = compute_syndrome(h, &bits);
    if synd.iter().all(|&s| s == 0) {
        DecoderResult::Converged(bits)
    } else {
        DecoderResult::MaxIterationsReached(bits)
    }
}

fn make_decision(
    graph: &TannerGraph,
    msgs: &Messages,
    channel_llr: &[Llr],
    edge_idx: &EdgeIndex,
) -> Vec<Gf2> {
    (0..graph.n_var)
        .map(|v| {
            let incoming: Vec<Llr> = graph
                .var_neighbors(v)
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, &c)| {
                    let j = edge_idx.chk_pos_in_var[v][i];
                    msgs.c2v[c][j]
                })
                .collect();
            hard_decision(posterior_llr(channel_llr[v], &incoming))
        })
        .collect()
}

// Sum-Product
pub struct SumProductDecoder {
    graph: TannerGraph,
    h: SparseMatrixGF2,
    config: DecoderConfig,
    edge_idx: EdgeIndex,
}

impl SumProductDecoder {
    pub fn new(code: &LdpcCode, config: DecoderConfig) -> Self {
        let edge_idx = EdgeIndex::build(&code.graph);
        Self {
            graph: code.graph.clone(),
            h: code.h.clone(),
            config,
            edge_idx,
        }
    }
}

impl Decoder for SumProductDecoder {
    fn decode(&self, channel_llr: &[Llr]) -> DecoderResult {
        bp_decode(
            &self.graph,
            &self.h,
            &self.config,
            channel_llr,
            &self.edge_idx,
            |incoming, out| check_node_update_sp(incoming, out),
        )
    }
}

// Min-Sum
pub struct MinSumDecoder {
    graph: TannerGraph,
    h: SparseMatrixGF2,
    config: DecoderConfig,
    scaling_factor: Llr,
    edge_idx: EdgeIndex,
}

impl MinSumDecoder {
    pub fn new(code: &LdpcCode, config: DecoderConfig, scaling_factor: Llr) -> Self {
        let edge_idx = EdgeIndex::build(&code.graph);
        Self {
            graph: code.graph.clone(),
            h: code.h.clone(),
            config,
            scaling_factor,
            edge_idx,
        }
    }
}

impl Decoder for MinSumDecoder {
    fn decode(&self, channel_llr: &[Llr]) -> DecoderResult {
        let alpha = self.scaling_factor;
        bp_decode(
            &self.graph,
            &self.h,
            &self.config,
            channel_llr,
            &self.edge_idx,
            move |incoming, out| check_node_update_ms(incoming, out, alpha),
        )
    }
}

// Factory
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum DecoderMethod {
    BitFlipping,
    SumProduct,
    MinSum { scaling_factor: Llr },
}

pub fn build_decoder(
    code: &LdpcCode,
    method: DecoderMethod,
    config: DecoderConfig,
) -> Box<dyn Decoder> {
    match method {
        DecoderMethod::BitFlipping => Box::new(BitFlippingDecoder::new(code, config)),
        DecoderMethod::SumProduct => Box::new(SumProductDecoder::new(code, config)),
        DecoderMethod::MinSum { scaling_factor } => {
            Box::new(MinSumDecoder::new(code, config, scaling_factor))
        }
    }
}